Objectives

1. Establishing a specialized academic reference in the fields of educational research and development. 2. Meeting the needs of researchers at the local, regional, and international levels in the fields of educational research and development. 3. Promoting and consolidating scientific research through the publication of distinguished studies and research in the fields addressed by the journal, in alignment with the objectives of the center. 4. Enriching Arab and international libraries with specialized studies and research in the fields covered by the journal.

The International Journal of Educational Research and Development publishes research studies that comply with publication regulations and fulfill the following requirements: 1. The journal publishes innovative studies and research in the field of educational research and development in both Arabic and English. Each manuscript must include an abstract not exceeding 250 words, accompanied by a translation of the abstract into English or Arabic according to the language of the paper. 2. Research papers and all required documents must be submitted through the “Submit Your Paper” link available at the top of the journal’s website. 3. Authors are required to upload their manuscripts in Microsoft Word format and adhere to the formatting specifications as follows: * For Arabic manuscripts: Times New Roman font, size 14 for the main text and size 10 for footnotes. * For English manuscripts: Calibri font, size 12 for the main text and size 10 for footnotes. 4. The manuscript should contain between 6,000 and 10,000 words maximum. 5. The researcher’s name, academic rank, position, and email address should appear on the first page of the manuscript. 6. Authors must provide a list of all references and sources used in the study translated into English. 7. The submitted research must not have been previously published, either wholly or partially, in a book or any other publication format, nor submitted simultaneously to another journal. The author must provide a written declaration confirming this and affirming that the manuscript will not be submitted elsewhere before the peer-review decision is issued (Declaration Form). 8. Authors may not republish the research, or any part thereof, elsewhere after its acceptance in the International Journal of Educational Research and Development without obtaining written permission from the Editor-in-Chief and after a period of three years from the actual publication date. 9. The Editorial Board reserves the right to request the deletion or modification of any part of the manuscript in accordance with the journal’s publication policy. 10. All rights are reserved to the journal. The journal also reserves the right to republish the research in whole or in part without prior permission from the author, as well as to translate it into any language after obtaining the author’s consent. All opinions expressed in the journal are solely those of their respective authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editorial Board. Accordingly, the Editorial Board bears no responsibility for such opinions.

• Research Review Mechanism 1. All research papers submitted to the International Journal of Educational Research and Development are subject to a blind peer-review process. 2. Manuscripts are initially reviewed by members of the Editorial Board to determine whether they comply with the journal’s publication guidelines and are eligible for peer review. The Editor-in-Chief may reject a manuscript if it falls outside the journal’s scope and themes or if its quality is deemed insufficient for consideration. 3. Manuscripts considered eligible for review are sent to at least two reviewers specialized in the subject area of the research. Reviewers should represent different nationalities and countries. They are required to determine whether the manuscript is suitable for publication with minor revisions, major revisions, or unsuitable for publication. 4. Reviewers’ reports are communicated by the Editor-in-Chief to the author(s) for revision in accordance with the reviewers’ comments and recommendations. 5. Letters of regret are sent to authors whose manuscripts are not accepted for publication. 6. The peer-review process is completed within two weeks. • Instructions for Reviewers 1. The International Journal of Educational Research and Development follows a double-blind peer-review policy. This process assists the Editor-in-Chief and the Editorial Board in making publication decisions and may also help authors improve their research. 2. Reviewers are not required to review manuscripts that fall outside the scope of the journal. 3. Any external reviewer who feels unqualified to review a submitted manuscript must notify the Editor-in-Chief and withdraw from the review process. 4. All reviewers conducting peer reviews on behalf of the International Journal of Educational Research and Development must understand and adhere to the confidentiality standards related to the review process. 5. Reviewers should treat manuscripts received for review as confidential documents and must not disclose or discuss them with others except as authorized by the Editor-in-Chief. 6. Reviewers are required to conduct reviews objectively and should avoid personal criticism of the author(s). They must express their views clearly and support them with appropriate arguments. 7. Reviewers should inform the Editor-in-Chief of any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under review and any other published work of which they are aware. 8. Reviewers must not use any information or data obtained through the peer-review process for personal advantage. 9. Reviewers should decline to review manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with the author(s). 10. The names and affiliations of reviewers must be stored in a secure database that complies with data protection standards.

Publication Frequency The International Journal of Educational Research and Development publishes four issues annually in both print and electronic formats: • January • April • July • October

سياسة Crossmark

Statement and Policy • The International Journal of Educational Research and Development adopts a zero-tolerance policy toward plagiarism and applies specific procedures and sanctions in cases of detected plagiarism. • Plagiarism refers to the use or imitation of another author’s language and ideas and presenting them as original work. • Submitted manuscripts must be original, unpublished, and not under consideration elsewhere. Any verbatim material from other sources must be clearly identified through indentation, quotation marks, and proper citation. • Any reproduced text exceeding fair-use limits, or any graphical material taken from another source, requires permission from the copyright holder and appropriate acknowledgment of the original source. • All submitted manuscripts are screened using plagiarism detection software to determine the similarity index. • In cases where plagiarism is confirmed, the Editor-in-Chief applies the necessary measures according to the detected similarity percentage and the journal’s regulations. 1. If the similarity index exceeds 40%, the manuscript is rejected and resubmission is not permitted. 2. If the similarity index ranges between 15% and 40%, the manuscript is returned to the author for revision, proper citation, and appropriate paraphrasing. 3. If the similarity index is below 15%, the author may still be requested to improve citations and references where necessary. 4. In cases (2) and (3), authors must revise the manuscript carefully and resubmit it with a plagiarism report confirming that the similarity index does not exceed 15%.

المراجع

• Publication Conditions: 1. The research must not have been previously published, and the author must provide a written declaration confirming this. 2. The manuscript must not be under consideration for publication in any other journal. 3. The research may not be republished elsewhere after its acceptance in the International Journal of Educational Research and Development, except with prior written permission from the Editor-in-Chief. 4. The author agrees to transfer all publication rights to the journal. If the journal wishes to republish the work, it must obtain written permission from the author. 5. The author must obtain the necessary permissions for any previously published material used in the manuscript. 6. The author must disclose all sources of funding or research support. 7. The author will be provided with an electronic copy of the published article. 8. Submitted manuscripts will not be returned, whether accepted for publication or not. • Manuscript Submission Requirements The manuscript must not exceed 6,000–10,000 words. It should include an abstract in both Arabic and English on a single page, with each abstract limited to approximately 200 words. The manuscript must also include keywords relevant to the specific field of study, an introduction, a main body divided into appropriate sections, conclusions, a brief author biography, and a list of references. The author’s name and current affiliation should be placed immediately after the title of the manuscript. Papers must be typed using Times New Roman font, size 14 for the main text and size 12 for footnotes, with 1.5 line spacing. Manuscripts should be printed on one side only and carefully proofread. Figures and diagrams must be included within the text, presented in black and white, and numbered sequentially. Titles and explanatory notes should be placed below the figures. Tables should also be included within the text, numbered sequentially, with titles placed above the tables and explanatory notes placed below them. Footnotes should be used only when necessary. • The following guidelines should be observed in the citation and referencing style: Books: References in the text should be indicated by sequential numbers placed in superscript parentheses (1), (2), (3), and detailed in the footnotes. The footnote should be formatted as follows: the author’s full name followed by a comma, then the title of the source followed by a comma (italicized if in European languages), then the editor or translator if applicable, followed by a comma. Then an opening parenthesis is inserted, followed by the place of publication, a colon, the publisher’s name, a comma, and the publication date in both Hijri and Gregorian calendars. The parenthesis is then closed, followed by a comma, the edition number indicated by “ed.” (ط), then a comma, the volume number abbreviated as “vol.” (ج), followed by a colon and the page number abbreviated as “p.” Example: Abdul Rahman Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimah Ibn Khaldun, edited by Ali Abdul Wahid Wafi, (Cairo: Dar Nahdet Misr Publishing and Printing, 1981), 1st ed., vol. 3, p. 1701. If cited again, a shortened form is used: Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimah, vol. 3, p. 1079. For journal articles: Ismail Ahmed Al-Alam, “Topics of Imagery in the Poetry of Tarafa ibn al-Abd and Its Sources,” University of Damascus Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2002, vol. 18, no. 2, University of Damascus, pp. 87–137. For book chapters: Sahar Muhammad Wahbi, “Trends of University Students Toward Newspaper Reading: A Field Study on Assiut University Students and Its Branches,” in: Research in Communication, (Cairo: Dar Al-Fajr Publishing and Distribution, 1996), 1st ed., pp. 57–120. For hadith documentation: The reference should include the book title (e.g., Book of Prayer), the chapter title (e.g., Chapter on Taraweeh Prayer), vol. 1, p. 50, followed by the hadith number. • Approved Citation Methods Are: The approved citation style is APA 7 only. Below is the citation method: In-text citations should be written as follows: (Author’s surname, year of publication, page number if available), for example: (Youssef & Ahmed, 2020, p. 16). This citation is placed immediately after the quoted or referenced text. As for the reference list, it must be arranged alphabetically by the authors’ surnames and formatted according to APA 7 style at the end of the research paper. Example: Book and Chapter Citation • APA 7 Citation Style (Books, Chapters, Journals, Conferences, and Theses) • Single Author Author’s surname, Author’s first name (Year). Title of the book (Edition). Publisher. Example: Al-Halabi, Muhammad (2020). Contemporary Arabic Literature (2nd ed.). Dar Al-Maaref Publishing. Note: The first edition is not indicated. • Multiple AuthorsAuthor’s surname, Author’s first name, & Author’s surname, Author’s first name (Year). Title of the book (Edition). Publisher. Example: Al-Muhairi, Muhammad, & Al-Najjar, Ahmed (2021). Comparative Arabic Literature (3rd ed.). Dar Al-Fikr.Up to 20 authors may be listed in the reference list. • Edited BooksEditor’s surname, Editor’s name (Ed.). (Year). Title of the book (Edition). Publisher. Example: Al-Sarraj, Ali (Ed.). (2016). Constitutional Law. Dar Al-Kitab.Al-Sarraj, Ali, & Al-Nabulsi, Omar (Eds.). (2018). Civil Law (2nd ed.). Dar Al-Uloom. • Book ChapterAuthor’s surname, Author’s name (Year). Chapter title. In Editor’s name (Ed.), Book title (Edition, page range). Publisher. Example: Al-Murabit, Adnan (2008). Arabic Poetry Metrics. In Ahmed Al-Rihani (Ed.), Introduction to Arabic Literature (3rd ed., pp. 120–134). Al-Manara Publishing. • Journal ArticleAuthor’s surname, Author’s name (Year). Article title. Journal Name, Volume (Issue), pages. DOI or URL if available. Example: Al-Rahmani, Ameer (2021). Artistic Vision in Al-Mutanabbi’s Poetry. Journal of Humanities Sciences, 19(2), 130–145. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-04-2014-0083 • Conference Paper (Published Proceedings) Author’s surname, Author’s name (Year). Paper title. In Editor’s name (Ed.), Conference proceedings title (pp. xx–xx). Publisher. DOI if available. Example: Mansour, Fatima (2017). Causes and Prevention of Addiction. In Ahmed Zaki (Ed.), Fifth Conference on Contemporary Social Issues (pp. 77–89). Dar Al-Maarefa. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4241-6_2 • Conference Paper (Unpublished)Author’s surname, Author’s name (Year, Month). Paper title [Conference paper]. Conference name, City, Country. URL if available. Example: Abdullah, Salem (2019, November). Criminal Law in Bahrain [Conference paper]. Tenth Arab Criminal Law Conference, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. https://bit.ly/37DvrHR • Thesis (Published)Author’s surname, Author’s name (Year). Thesis title [Doctoral dissertation, University name]. Archive or URL if available. Example: Abdul Hamid, Thamer (2020). Cybercrime Law: A Case Study [Doctoral dissertation, University of Mosul]. URL if available. • Unpublished ThesisAuthor’s surname, Author’s name (Year). Thesis title [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University name. URL if available. Example: Abdullah, Khaled (2022). Causes of School Dropout in Developing Countries [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Baghdad.

Processing Charge The peer-review and publication fee is USD 400 (equivalent to SAR 1,500). Payment is required after the initial acceptance of the manuscript.

The Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement of the International Journal for Educational Research and Development is based on the Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors issued by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) in 2011. More details can be found at: COPE Official Website https://publicationethics.org The International Journal for Educational Research and Development also supports best practices and standards of publication ethics as defined and clarified by COPE and takes all necessary measures against any form of publication malpractice by monitoring all stages and procedures involved in the scientific publishing process. Accordingly, preventing publication misconduct—such as violations of citation standards or unauthorized reproduction—is considered one of the essential responsibilities of the journal’s editorial board. The editorial board of the International Journal for Educational Research and Development does not tolerate any behavior that violates publication ethics and fully recognizes its ethical responsibilities and obligations. A. Responsibilities of the Editor-in-Chief: The Editorial Board of the International Journal for Educational Research and Development consists of recognized specialists in the journal’s scientific field. The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for publishing the names, affiliations, and contact information of the Editorial Board members on the journal’s webpage. The following outlines the duties and responsibilities of the Editor-in-Chief: Research Publication Decisions 1. The Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal for Educational Research and Development bears the final responsibility for all submission processes, including major or minor revisions, acceptance, or rejection decisions. 2. The decision to publish or reject a manuscript is based on reviewers’ reports and comments, as well as the scientific value, originality, clarity, relevance, and significance of the research to the journal’s field of specialization. 3. The Editor-in-Chief may consult other editors or specialized reviewers when making decisions regarding submitted manuscripts. 4. The Editor-in-Chief also takes into consideration legal requirements concerning defamation, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. Confidentiality 1. The Editor-in-Chief and members of the Editorial Board are not permitted to disclose any information regarding the submitted manuscript to anyone other than the author, reviewers, potential reviewers, editorial advisors, and the publisher, as appropriate. 2. The peer-review process is strictly confidential, and the journal is fully committed to maintaining a completely blind review process. Peer Review Process 1. All manuscripts submitted to the International Journal of Educational Research and Development are subject to a fully blind peer-review process. 2. Manuscripts are initially reviewed by the Editor-in-Chief. The Editor-in-Chief may reject a manuscript prior to peer review if it falls outside the journal’s scope and subject areas or if its quality is considered insufficient for the review process. 3. Manuscripts deemed suitable for review are sent to at least two reviewers with expertise in the relevant field. Reviewers remain anonymous to one another. They are requested to determine whether the manuscript is publishable as it is, publishable with minor revisions, publishable with major revisions, or unsuitable for publication. 4. Reviewers submit their reports to the Editor-in-Chief, and the reports are subsequently forwarded to the author(s) for response and revision. 5. Rejection letters are sent to authors whose manuscripts are not accepted for publication. 6. The peer-review process is completed within two weeks. Transparent Peer Review Process 1. The Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal for Educational Research and Development should evaluate submitted manuscripts regardless of the authors’ race, gender, religious beliefs, nationality, or intellectual orientation. 2. The Editor-in-Chief’s decision to accept or reject a manuscript for publication should be based on the importance, originality, clarity of the work, and its relevance to the aims and scope of the journal. 3. The Editor-in-Chief should consider allowing authors to suggest potential reviewers or request that certain reviewers not evaluate their manuscripts. Electronic Archiving The Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal for Educational Research and Development shall ensure that all published materials are electronically archived in the journal section of the journal’s website. Disclosure, Academic Integrity, and Conflict of Interest 1. The Editor-in-Chief and members of the Editorial Board must not use unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript for their own research purposes without the written consent of the author. 2. Innovative ideas or data obtained through the peer review process must be kept strictly confidential and must not be used for the personal benefit of the Editor-in-Chief. 3. The Editor-in-Chief must require reviewers to disclose any conflicts of interest upon accepting the review assignment and when submitting their review reports. Reviewers should decline participation if they are unable to provide an unbiased review. 4. Original manuscripts authored or co-authored by researchers who have published with the Editor-in-Chief within the previous three years shall be handled by an advisor or guest editor. 5. The Editor-in-Chief must require authors to disclose any conflicts of interest and correct them if discovered after publication. Procedures for Handling Unethical Conduct 1. The Editor-in-Chief must be immediately informed of any detected unethical behavior during the peer review process, before publication, or after publication. 2. Anyone reporting unethical conduct to the Editor-in-Chief or publisher must provide sufficient evidence and detailed information. 3. Upon disclosure, the responsible investigator must initiate an immediate inquiry and treat all allegations seriously until a decision is reached based on clear evidence. 4. Investigations into unethical conduct may be conducted even if the issue is discovered long after publication. 5. If an ethical breach is confirmed, the Editor-in-Chief— in coordination with the publisher—must formally notify the author in writing and provide an opportunity to respond to the allegations. 6. If the misconduct is minor, the Editor-in-Chief may resolve the matter internally without external consultation. 7. If the misconduct is serious, the Editor-in-Chief may refer the case to relevant institutions and research ethics bodies for further investigation and assessment of severity. 8. Measures for serious misconduct may include: (a) issuing an official notice detailing the unethical conduct, (b) sending a formal letter to the author’s department head, reviewer, or funding body, (c) retracting the article and notifying the relevant department, and (d) permanently removing the author or reviewer from the journal’s contributor list. B. Author Responsibilities Commitment to the publication guidelines issued by the International Journal of Educational Research and Development. 1. Authors must comply with the submission guidelines of the International Journal of Educational Research and Development and adhere to the principles and standards of research and publication ethics. 2. Authors must confirm their compliance with the journal’s authorship criteria. 3. Authors of original research must provide an accurate description of the work and an appropriate explanation of its significance. 4. Authors must include sufficient details and references in the submitted manuscript to enable proper citation and use by other researchers. Responsible Authorship Conduct 1. Authors must avoid all forms of unethical practices such as plagiarism, fabrication, and falsification. 2. Authors must not submit the same manuscript simultaneously to more than one journal. 3. Authors may be required to provide raw data for peer review and should be prepared to make data available to readers when necessary. 4. Authors must submit original and rigorous work, properly acknowledge the contributions of others, and cite all relevant sources that influenced the research. 5. Authors must confirm written permission from all co-authors who have significantly contributed to the work. 6. If a significant error is identified in a published work, authors must promptly notify the editor-in-chief or publisher to correct or retract it. Copyright of the Submitted Manuscript 1. Authors retain copyright of their work; however, upon acceptance for publication, copyright is transferred to the International Journal of Educational Research and Development. Disclosure and Conflict of Interest 1. Authors must disclose their funding sources and any financial or other conflicts of interest that may influence the evaluation of the submitted manuscript. 2. If any potential conflict of interest arises during or after the review process, authors must immediately disclose it to the Editor-in-Chief or the publisher. C. Reviewer Responsibilities • Contribution to Editorial Decisions 1. The International Journal for Educational Research and Development adopts a fully blind peer-review process. Reviewers assist the Editor-in-Chief in making editorial decisions and may also help authors improve their manuscripts through their review reports. Responsible Reviewing Conduct 1. Reviewers should not evaluate manuscripts that fall outside the scope of the International Journal for Educational Research and Development. Any reviewer who is unqualified or unable to review a submitted manuscript must inform the Editor-in-Chief and withdraw from the review process. 2. Reviewers must not use any information or data obtained from the manuscript under review for personal advantage. 3. Reviewers must not accept manuscripts for review in which they have a conflict of interest arising from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with the author(s). 4. Reviewers must inform the Editor-in-Chief of any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under review and any other published work they are aware of. Confidentiality and Objectivity 1. All reviewers assigned by the International Journal of Educational Research and Development must understand and comply with the confidentiality standards of the double-blind peer review process. 2. Manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents and must not be disclosed or discussed with any third party except as authorized by the Editor-in-Chief. 3. Reviews must be conducted objectively, and reviewers must avoid any personal criticism of the author(s). 4. Reviewers should present their evaluations clearly and fairly, supported by justified reasoning. 5. Reviewers’ names and affiliations are maintained in a secure database in accordance with data protection standards.